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following: age, genetics and/or environmental
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factors such as pesticides. 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a chemical that is related to the opioid analgesic drugs. MPTP is oxidized [...] Goldstein M. Differential effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment of MPTP- (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine) induced degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the black mouse. Clin [...] Hirsh EC. Cigarette smoke and nicotine protect dopaminergic neurons against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine Parkinsonian toxin. Brain Res 2003; (1-2): 224-32
Pryor WA. Biological effects …